Blogs

CRISPR-Cas Systems in Antibody Engineering: The role of CRISPR/Cas9 in generating custom antibodies and modifying antibody genes.

2 Protein

The advent of CRISPR-Cas systems, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering, offering unprecedented precision in editing the genomes of various organisms. This groundbreaking technology has significantly impacted antibody engineering, enabling the generation of custom antibodies and the precise modification of antibody genes. This article explores the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in antibody engineering, …

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Cell/tissue lysate preparation process

2 Protein

Reagents and solutions RIPA buffer: 20mM Tris (pH 7.5), 1mM Na2EDTA, 1mM EGTA, 2.5mM sodium pyrophosphate, 150mM NaCl, 1mM beta-glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate, 1mM Na3VO4, 1µg/ml leupeptin hemisulfate salt, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100, 1mM PMSF Experimental procedure — Preparation of cell lysis solution 1 Cell collection: Choose logarithmic phase cells, wash cells with pre-cooled PBS, …

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Primary Cell Culture Tips

2 Protein

Primary cells refer to cells that are isolated or harvested directly from living tissue or organs. Primary cells closely mimic the physiological state of cells in vivo and are expected to maintain their in vivo functions under optimal conditions for a short period of time. The primary cells present several advantages over cell lines, including a …

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The SELEX Process: A Guide to DNA and RNA Aptamer Selection

4 Aptamer

Introduction Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that fold into unique 3D structures to bind targets with high specificity. Often called “chemical antibodies,” they offer advantages over traditional protein binders. These molecules are discovered through SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), an iterative in vitro process that isolates high-affinity ligands from massive random libraries. The …

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OX40 Agonists in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Future Directions

1 Antibody

OX40 (CD134), a key costimulatory molecule in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is crucial for enhancing T cell function and driving anti-tumor immunity, making it a significant focus in cancer immunotherapy research. Structure and Costimulatory Mechanism (i) Expression Pattern OX40 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on activated T cells (peaking 48-72 hours post-activation), but …

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SELEX Technology: Expert Guide to Choosing Between RNA and DNA Aptamers

4 Aptamer

SELEX Technology: Expert Guide to Choosing Between RNA and DNA Aptamers Overview of SELEX Technology Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) is the gold-standard in vitro process for screening nucleic acid aptamers. This technology operates by cycling through “incubation-separation-amplification” steps to isolate high-affinity sequences from massive libraries (10¹³–10¹⁵ variants). While SELEX offers superior …

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Bridging the Gap in TKI-Resistant NSCLC: The Strategic Rise of Antibody-Drug

1 Antibody

Bridging the Gap in TKI-Resistant NSCLC: The Strategic Rise of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Introduction The treatment landscape for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized by EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). However, the inevitable development of acquired resistance limits their long-term efficacy. To bridge this therapeutic gap, Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a …

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Yeast Surface Display: A High-Throughput Platform for Antibody Discovery and Engineering

5 Display Technology (1)

Yeast surface display has emerged as a powerful and versatile technology for antibody discovery and protein engineering, playing a critical role in therapeutic development. By leveraging the eukaryotic machinery of yeast, this platform ensures proper protein folding and display, enabling the isolation of high-affinity binders through robust library screening. Technology Overview (i) Display Mechanism The …

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Decoding Protein Interactions: High-Throughput Peptide Library Screening for Drug Discovery

3 Peptide

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) govern cellular communication and are prime targets for therapeutic intervention. Peptide library screening has emerged as a powerful, high-throughput strategy to dissect these interactions with precision. By systematically displaying thousands of peptide sequences, researchers can map binding epitopes, identify lead compounds, and optimize candidates efficiently. This article outlines the core strategies, technical …

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